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Vaccine
Volume 26, Issue 44,
16 October 2008
, Pages 5612-5618
Author links open overlay panel, , ,
Abstract
The objective of this observational study was to estimate influenza vaccination coverage for the 2005/2006 season in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients consulting at or hospitalized in 12 CF care centers. Data from 518 CF patients >6 months of age (children: 64.9%) were analyzed: 79.9% were vaccinated. The vaccination coverage was 85.6% in children, 69.4% in adults and 44.4% in transplanted patients. General practitioners vaccinated 67.9% of the patients. “Lack of time” reason was reported by 24.7% non-vaccinated patients. In France, influenza vaccination coverage in CF patients meets the National Health objective (≥75% by 2008), but could be improved in adults and transplanted patients.
Introduction
Influenza (flu) is known for its serious consequences in the elderly and those with underlying chronic disease (i.e., chronic heart or lung disease, metabolic or renal disease, or immunodeficiency) [1]. Flu vaccines are safe and effective, and annual vaccination of high-risk persons ahead of the flu season is currently the most effective measure for reducing the impact of this disease [2]. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends annual vaccination of high-risk patients [1]. This recommendation is currently followed by nearly all European countries. In France, one National Health objective for the year 2008 is to achieve at least 75% flu vaccination coverage rate in at-risk populations [3].
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the commonest genetically inherited disease in white populations (1 in 2500 newborns). Progress in the understanding of the disease and the impact of this on management has been rapid over the past 20 years. The predicted median survival for babies born in the 21st century is now more than 50 years. CF is an autosomal recessive disease, caused by mutations in the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator) gene. The commonest mutation (about 70% of CF patients) is the deletion of phenylalanine at codon 508 (known as ΔF508). However, moreover 1600 mutations of the CFTR gene with varying effects on CFTR function and resulting in different CF phenotypes (mild or severe) have been described. The CFTR protein is expressed in many cells and has several functions. The primary function of the CFTR protein is as an ion channel that regulates liquid volume on epithelial surfaces through chloride secretion and inhibition of sodium absorption. CF is a complex multi-system disease affecting upper and lower airways, pancreas, bowel, liver, and reproductive tracts. Lung destruction is caused by airways obstruction due to dehydrated, thickened secretions, resultant endobronchial infection, and exaggerated inflammatory response leading to development of bronchiectasis and progressive obstructive chronic airways disease. Lung disease occurs in children and adults, and accounts for nearly 85% of the mortality. The management of such a complex disease takes place in specialist centers [4], [5].
Children and adults with CF are at increased risk of pulmonary complications if they contract flu, especially if they receive immunosuppressive treatment for lung and/or liver transplants [6], [7], [8]. Flu viruses cause disease progression and lung function worsening, predispose to bacterial infections and increase hospitalization rates [9], [10]. Flu vaccination elicits an antibody response in CF patients that is expected to achieve a clinical protection against flu disease [10], [11], [12]. This response is maintained with repeated annual vaccination [10], [13]. Flu vaccination has been shown to offer protection from its subsequent acquisition in the CF population [9]. Annual flu vaccination is therefore recommended in all CF patients >6 months of age [14], [15]. In France, annual flu vaccination is recommended in patients with chronic lung disease since 1986 [16], including specifically CF patients since the year 2000 [17].
In France, there are approximately 6000 CF patients of whom 180 are transplanted each year [18]. In 2004, there were 4533 CF patients (38.4% of adults) followed at one of the 49 approved National CF Care Centers (Centres de Ressources et de Compétence de la Mucoviscidose, CRCMs) [18]. These CRCMs are hospital-based and organized in networks. Their health objectives are to improve the management, life expectancy and quality of life of CF patients. They bring together medical and paramedical Health Care Professionals (HCPs): e.g., doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, dieticians, psychologists and social workers. The HCP teams coordinate the care both given at home and in hospital. The CRCMs are also meeting places for patients, families, and HCPs [19].
To the best of our knowledge, up to now, no specific data on flu vaccination coverage rate in CF patients are available in France. The present observational descriptive study sought thus to estimate coverage for the 2005/2006 flu season in French CF patients followed in CRCM.
Section snippets
Study design
This observational study was conducted from 1 March 2006 to 31 August 2006 (i.e., after the 2005/2006 flu official campaign: from September 2005 to February 2006). The study was initially proposed to the 12 CRCMs of the two networks, Muco-Sud and Muco-Med. The whole 12 CRCMs accepted to participate in the study. These 12 CRCMs represent a quarter of all the French CRCMs, and the totality of the CRCMs located in the nine biggest cities in the Greater South region of France (Fig. 1). These 12
Results
From 1 March 2006 to 31 August 2006, data from 527 of the approximately 1200CF patients followed at the 12 CRCMs were collected and data from 518 patients were analyzed. Data from nine questionnaires were excluded from analysis because the patients had not received the information sheet (n=7) or because the patients did not meet all the inclusion criteria (n=2; one patient was <6 months of age in September 2005, and the age of one patient was missing and could not be checked).
The rest of the
Discussion
In CF children, respiratory viruses, and in particular flu viruses are associated with CF exacerbations, and upper respiratory symptoms are strong predictors for the presence of respiratory viruses [21]. In addition, the annual incidence of admissions per adult CF patient associated with viral infection was 4.9% [22]. Vaccination is therefore recommended to CF patients. Moreover it has been showed to play a role in preventing flu subsequent acquisition. However, at the time of manuscript
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by Sanofi Pasteur MSD.
The authors thank the members of “Avancées Vaccinales” (a French Expert Group in Clinical and Epidemiological Research), and in particular Professor Catherine Weil-Olivier for her informed advice and precious help.
Also they thank the staff of the CRCMs of Bordeaux, Brive, Clermont-Ferrand, Giens, Limoges, Marseille, Montpellier, Nice and Toulouse who participated in the study, Yann Bourhis and Remi Gauchoux (Mapi-Naxis) for the data analysis, and
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Cited by (25)
Influenza vaccination and cystic fibrosis. Impact of an incentivisation campaign about influenza vaccination for patients attending the Dunkerque cystic fibrosis treatment centre and their health care workers
2018, Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’évaluer l’efficacité d’actions préventives contre la grippe dans les populations étudiées. L’objectif secondaire est d’analyser les mécanismes amenant à un changement de comportement vis-à-vis de la vaccination antigrippale dans ces mêmes populations.
Étude interventionnelle, prospective, réalisée par un questionnaire anonyme portant sur la couverture vaccinale (CV) antigrippale et les motifs de vaccination et non-vaccination, proposé aux patients suivis pour mucoviscidose (n=67) du CRCM mixte de Dunkerque et leurs soignants (n=117), avant (avril2014) et après (avril2015) campagne d’information et d’actions de prévention primaire (vaccination sur les lieux de travail, créneaux horaires élargis).
En 2015, le taux de couverture vaccinale (TC) du personnel soignant augmente à 65,63% contre 27,55% en 2014, (χ2[1]=29,17, p<0,0001). Chez les patients, enfants et adultes, aucune différence significative n’a été observée, entre 2014et 2015 (χ2[1]=0,24, NS) dont le TC avant campagne était déjà optimum.
Sensibiliser à la vaccination antigrippale permet d’augmenter la CV du personnel de santé. Trois leviers principaux ont été identifiés: la nécessité de communiquer sur la vaccination auprès des soignants, la facilité d’accès à la vaccination et le positionnement en faveur de la vaccination des médecins et cadres de santé.
The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive actions regarding influenza in the studied populations. The secondary objective is to analyze and understand the mechanisms which bring about a behavioural change regarding influenza vaccination.
The interventional and prospective study was undertaken in the form of an anonymous questionnaire about influenza vaccination coverage and about the reasons for vaccinating or not vaccinating. The studied populations were patients followed for cystic fibrosis (n=67) in the Dunkerque cystic fibrosis treatment centre and their health care workers (n=117), before (April2014) and after (April2015) an information campaign and primary prevention actions (vaccination in the workplace with expanded time slots) in collaboration with the department of occupational medicine.
In 2015, the vaccination coverage rate of health care workers rose to 65.63%, that is to say 2.38times more than in 2014 (27.55%). This difference is significant (χ2[1]=29.17, P<0.0001). However, no significant difference between 2014 and 2015 was observed among patients (children and adults) (χ2[1]=0.24, NS) whose vaccination coverage was already optimal before the study.
Raising awareness among health care workers about vaccination against influenza increases the coverage rate and decreases outbreaks of virus infection in the care services and among patients at risk. Three main levers were identified: the necessity of providing information on influenza vaccination to health care workers, the ease of vaccination access and the attitude towards vaccination of supervisory staff (health executives/doctors).
(Video) Speeches by Dr Apurba Ghosh, Dr Anirban Maitra, Dr Pallab Chatterjee, Dr Priti KhemkaVaccine coverage in CF children: A French multicenter study
2015, Journal of Cystic Fibrosis
Citation Excerpt :
Influenza infection has a deleterious impact on CF lung disease and is correlated with an increase of the number of pulmonary exacerbations, antibiotic courses or hospitalizations, and respiratory functions deterioration and Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonizations [4,26]. Despite very clear recommendations for immunization against seasonal influenza in CF [23], only 60% of the patients had been vaccinated in the year of pandemic influenza [17,27]. We lack data on influenza vaccine coverage in CF. Esposito et al. already showed that only 42% of CF children were immunized for influenza in 2002–2003 [12].
Recent reports have pointed the low vaccine coverage in patients with chronic diseases. Data are lacking in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Gaining more information on coverage both for mandatory vaccines and those more specifically recommended would help to optimize care of these patients.
Data were extracted from the “MucoFlu” study, which was a prospective study performed in 2009 in the 5 cystic fibrosis centers of the Paris metropolitan area. Data on mandatory and recommended vaccines in CF were collected in the health booklet and compared to the coverage of the general population.
A total of 134 CF children were included. Vaccination coverage for mandatory vaccines was insufficient (DTPCaHi, conjugate pneumococcal, BCG, MMR and hepatitis B) at 1year of age with no catching-up with age in contrast to the general population. Approximately 66% of the children had immunization for seasonal influenza and 91% for 2009 pandemic flu. Coverage for vaccines specifically recommended in CF was low for hepatitis A, non conjugate pneumococcal and varicella.
This study shows a defect in vaccine coverage for both routine immunization and vaccines more specifically recommended in CF.
Immunization coverage and timeliness of vaccination in Italian children with chronic diseases
2012, Vaccine
Citation Excerpt :
Other authors reported Flu vaccination rates ranging from 8.3% to 15.4% in United States’ adolescents with chronic diseases [30], and 19.8% in children with chronic respiratory diseases in Spain [28]. Higher coverage rates for influenza vaccine were reported in American and French children with cystic fibrosis, ranging from 76.4% to 79.9% [30,31], whereas other studies documented a coverage for Flu immunization in children with type 1 diabetes ranging from 41.1% in Spain [32] to 74.7% in UK [33]. A study performed in France documented a Flu vaccination coverage of 15.7% in children with asthma, with lack of information as the most frequent cause of non vaccination [34].
Since children with chronic diseases represent a primary target for immunization strategies, it is important that their immunization coverage and timeliness of vaccines is optimal. We performed a study to measure immunization coverage and timeliness of vaccines in children with type 1 diabetes, HIV infection, Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and neurological diseases. A total of 275 children aged 6 months–18 years were included in the study. Coverage for diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis (DTP), polio (Pol), and hepatitis B (HBV) vaccines approximated 85% at 24 months, while measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) coverage was 62%. Immunization coverage for seasonal influenza was 59%. The analysis of timeliness revealed that there was heterogeneity among children with different chronic diseases. A proportional hazard model showed that children with HIV infection had the longest time to complete three doses of DTP, Pol, and HBV, and those with neurological diseases received the first dose of MMR later than the other categories. Causes of missing or delayed vaccination mostly included a concurrent acute disease. Children with chronic diseases should be strictly monitored for routine and recommended vaccinations, and health care providers and families should be properly informed to avoid false contraindications.
Impact of the A (H1N1) pandemic influenza (season 2009-2010) on patients with cystic fibrosis
2011, Journal of Cystic Fibrosis
Citation Excerpt :
(Video) What is that Bug? Current Infectious Diseases and their Risk to TransplantationInfluenza, like other respiratory viral infections, can cause acute deterioration of lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) [14]. Although vaccination is recommended, inadequate coverage has been reported [15,16]. Recent reports from Australia and the UK on a very small number of patients with CF infected with A (H1N1) virus reported a mild course of disease with complete recovery [17,18].
Influenza, like other respiratory viral infections, can cause acute deterioration of lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Previous studies on a small number of patients reported that most people with CF infected with A (H1N1) influenza experienced a mild course of disease.
To characterise the impact of A (H1N1) infection on CF in a large number of patients from different centres and countries.
CF centres accessing the web-site of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society (ECFS) were asked to report clinical data on patients with an ascertained diagnosis of influenza caused by the A (H1N1) virus. The study was web-based and data were collected through an electronic data sheet on the ECFS website.
Twenty-five centres from 10 countries caring for 4698 patients with CF reported data on 110 patients (2.3%), median age 13years (range 1–39years). The prevalence of infection in each centre ranged from 0% to 9.4%. Only 8.8% of the patients had been vaccinated. The main symptoms were fever and respiratory exacerbation requiring IV antibiotics in 53% of the patients; 48% of the patients were hospitalised for an average of 12.9days (range 2–56) and 31% required oxygen treatment during the time of the infection. Most of the patients recovered and FEV1 1month after the infection was similar to that before the infection. However, 6 patients were admitted to ICU, 5 with mechanical ventilation. Three patients with severe respiratory disease died.
A (H1N1) influenza infection caused transient but significant morbidity in most of the patients with CF. However, in a small number of patients with severe lung disease, A (H1N1) influenza was associated with respiratory deterioration, mechanical ventilation and even death.
Seasonal influenza vaccination coverage in France during two influenza seasons (2007 and 2008) and during a context of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in 2009
2011, Vaccine
Citation Excerpt :
In the under 20 age group, individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis constitute the only target group with a VCR (66%) close to public health authority objectives (75%). A French study carried out among 518 patients suffering from cystic fibrosis obtained a VCR of 80% for 2005 [21]. For hemoglobinopathy, a study carried out on 239 children in 2004 obtained a VCR of 55% (34.1% in this study) where half the children were vaccinated in a hospital or mother and infant protection centre [22].
To measure the seasonal influenza vaccination coverage rate (VCR) in France in 2009, year of the A(H1N1) influenza pandemic, by age and target disease and compare it with the VCR for the 2007 and 2008 influenza seasons.
At the beginning of each annual seasonal vaccination campaign, the National Health Insurance, covering 86% of the French population, sends free influenza vaccination vouchers to at-risk beneficiaries aged under 65 suffering from diverse chronic diseases and to all individuals aged 65 and over (around 11 million). Vaccination is estimated from refund claims registered in the National Health Insurance Information System.
The global VCR for the target population was 51% in 2007, 55.8% in 2008 and 56.9% in 2009. In 2009, the VCR for children under 10 years old was 24.3%, 28.1% in the 10–19 age range, 39.2% in the 20–64 age range and 63.3% for individuals aged 65 and over, of which 72.3% with a targeted chronic disease and 56.9% without. The inclusion of asthma as a target disease, lowered the global VCR for children under 10 years old (30.6% without asthma) but VCR increased proportionally with the number of annual refunds for drugs against asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The 2009 vaccine uptake rates in target group children, adolescents, young adults and to a lesser extent the population aged 65 and over suffering from a chronic disease (particularly chronic respiratory disease), could have been positively impacted by the A(H1N1) influenza context.
The influenza VCR varies considerably according to age and target disease but globally remains inferior to the recommended 75% coverage rate. These results permit the detailed analysis of VCR distribution by disease and target group and highlights areas for reflection and action. Specific studies should be conducted in order to understand why the VCR is lower in certain target groups.
Respiratory infectious diseases and cystic fibrosis in adults
2010, Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualites
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- 1
The investigators from the French Muco-Sud and Muco-Med networks: Drs Boisserie-Lacroix Vincent, Bui Stéphanie, Ceccato Françoise, Domblides Philippe, Dromer Claire and Fayon Michael from the Adult and Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Care Centers of Bordeaux; Drs Gautry Philippe and Caporal Pierre from the Mixed Cystic Fibrosis Care Center of Brive; Drs Labbé André, Philippe Pierre, Hager Marie-Odile, Heraud Marie-Christine, and Petit Isabelle from the Mixed Cystic Fibrosis Care Center of Clermont-Ferrand; Drs de Lumbley Lionel, Melloni Boris, Languepin Jeanne, and Menetrey Céline from the Mixed Cystic Fibrosis Care Center of Limoges; Drs Didier Alain, Brémont François, Le Tallec Claire, Rittié Jean-Luc, and Têtu Laurent from the Adult and Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Care Centers of Toulouse; Drs Mely Laurent and Jubin Virginie from the Mixed Cystic Fibrosis Care Center of Giens; Drs Reynaud-Gaubert Martine, Sarles Jacques, Boniface Stéphanie, and Stremler-Lebel Nathalie from the Adult and Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Care Centers of Marseille; Drs Chiron Raphaël, Counil François, and Fournier Favre Sébastien from the Mixed Cystic Fibrosis Care Center of Montpellier; and Drs Albertini Marc and Moreau Ludovic from the Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Care Center of Nice.
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On behalf of the French Muco-Sud and Muco-Med networks.
Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAQs
Can you get flu vaccine with cystic fibrosis? ›
Infections with viral diseases like influenza ("the flu") can worsen lung damage. Doctors therefore often advise people with cystic fibrosis to be vaccinated against influenza every year.
What is the EU set target for influenza vaccination of patients above the age of 65? ›In 2020-21, uptake in people aged 65 years and over reached 81%; this was the first time the WHO target had been met since the winter of 2005-06. In 2021-22, flu vaccine coverage for people aged 65 years and over increased to 82%, the second year in a row that the target had been met.
What are the barriers to influenza vaccination in healthcare workers? ›The obstacles to vaccination reported were: lack of time (33%), lack of vaccine safety (31%), fear of getting flu due to vaccination (29%), lack of efficacy (23%), doubts about the usefulness of the vaccine in healthy subjects (21%).
What was the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine among patients with high risk medical conditions in the United States 2012 2016? ›Among patients with high-risk conditions, VE against any influenza was 41% (95% CI: 35%‒47%) for all ages combined, 51% (95% CI: 39%‒61%) for those aged <18 years, and 38% (95% CI: 30%‒45%) for those aged ≥18 years (Table 2).
Can cystic fibrosis patients get vaccines? ›The flu vaccine can be given as a shot or a nasal spray. People with CF should not get the nasal spray vaccine. Patients with CF can get other live vaccines but the nasal form of the flu vaccine is typically not recommended because the safety has not been established in people who have a lung disease like CF or asthma.
Who is contraindicated for the flu vaccine? ›Children younger than 6 months of age are too young to get a flu shot. People with severe, life-threatening allergies to any ingredient in a flu vaccine (other than egg proteins) should not get that vaccine. This might include gelatin, antibiotics, or other ingredients.
Which group should receive the annual influenza vaccine? ›The CDC recommends annual influenza vaccinations for everyone age 6 months or older. Vaccination is especially important for people at high risk of influenza complications, including: Children younger than age 2. Adults older than age 50.
WHO are the target groups for influenza immunization? ›Countries looking to start or expand seasonal influenza vaccination programmes should consider prioritizing the following target groups (in no particular order): health workers, individuals with comorbidities and underlying conditions, older adults, and pregnant individuals.
WHO recommends which target groups receive seasonal influenza vaccination? ›The WHO strategic advisory group of experts on immunization (SAGE), which was established by the Director‐General of the WHO in 1999 to provide guidance on the vaccines, has recommended seasonal influenza vaccination for high‐risk groups as a high priority such as older adults (over 65 years), health workers, pregnant ...
Why do healthcare workers refuse the flu vaccine? ›Other reasons included thinking they do not need a flu vaccine, fear of getting sick, fear of side effects from vaccination, being allergic to the vaccine, and thinking that flu vaccination is not good for you.
Should healthcare workers get the flu shot? ›
Why should healthcare workers get vaccinated? Healthcare workers are a high-priority group for vaccinations because they are more likely to be exposed to the flu through contact with sick patients. They can also spread the flu to close contacts and patients.
Why do nurses not get the flu vaccine? ›Nurses tend to rely on conventional health beliefs rather than evidence based medicine when making their decision to decline influenza vaccination. Interventions to increase influenza vaccination should be tailored specifically for nurses.
What is the protection rate of the flu shot? ›While vaccine effectiveness (VE) can vary, recent studies show that flu vaccination reduces the risk of flu illness by between 40% and 60% among the overall population during seasons when most circulating flu viruses are well-matched to those used to make flu vaccines.
What is the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in health care professionals a randomized trial? ›Vaccine efficacy against serologically defined infection was 88% for influenza A (95% confidence interval [CI], 47%-97%; P=. 001) and 89% for influenza B (95% CI, 14%-99%; P=. 03).
What factors lead to the success or failure of influenza vaccines? ›Immunocompromising medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, obesity, HIV infection, cancers, a variety of other diseases) and their associated therapies can lead to insufficient or absent immune responses to vaccines. Chemotherapeutic and immune-modifying drugs commonly interfere with response to influenza vaccines.
When can cystic fibrosis patients get COVID vaccine? ›Everyone with cystic fibrosis aged five and over is eligible for COVID-19 vaccination.
How do you control cystic fibrosis? ›- antibiotics to prevent and treat chest infections.
- medicines to make the mucus in the lungs thinner and easier to cough up.
- medicines to widen the airways and reduce inflammation.
- special techniques and devices to help clear mucus from the lungs.
- medicines that help the person absorb food better.
Research shows that regular physical activity or exercise provides multiple benefits for people with cystic fibrosis. These benefits go beyond better lung function — keeping fit also helps you strengthen your bones, manage diabetes and heart disease and improve your mood.
Which of the following groups is influenza vaccine not recommended for? ›Who should not have the flu vaccine. Most adults can have the flu vaccine, but you should avoid it if you have had a serious allergic reaction to a flu vaccine in the past. You may be at risk of an allergic reaction to the flu vaccine injection if you have an egg allergy.
What are the 2 absolute contraindications to administering influenza vaccine? ›There are only two absolute contraindications applicable to all vaccines: > anaphylaxis following a previous dose of the relevant vaccine > anaphylaxis following any component of the relevant vaccine.
Can influenza vaccine be given to immunocompromised? ›
Inactivated vaccines that are routinely recommended in people who are immunocompromised. People who are immunocompromised are routinely recommended to receive: influenza vaccine. pneumococcal vaccine.
Who is the seasonal flu vaccine strongly recommended for? ›Influenza vaccination is particularly recommended for: children aged 6 months to <5 years. adults aged ≥65 years.
What age group is quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine for? ›Fluzone® Quadrivalent is a vaccine indicated for active immunization for the prevention of influenza disease caused by influenza A subtype viruses and type B viruses contained in the vaccine. Fluzone Quadrivalent is approved for use in persons 6 months of age and older.
What time of year should healthcare workers receive the influenza vaccine? ›Influenza vaccine is recommended for all HCP and is given seasonally, usually starting in September or October each year. See above for information about influenza vaccine mandates for California HCP.
Which groups are at highest risk of influenza? ›Age. The CDC estimates that about 90 percent of flu-related deaths occur in adults 65 years and older. Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities are also at higher risk. Children younger than 5, but especially children younger than 2 years old, are at higher risk of complications from flu illness.
What is the target of universal influenza vaccine? ›Hemagglutinin is the key that unlocks host cells, letting the virus in. That makes it a main focus of the human immune system and the primary target of most flu vaccines.
What age group does influenza target? ›This means that children younger than 18 are more than twice as likely to develop a symptomatic flu virus infection than adults 65 and older.
Which group is at high risk for contracting influenza and should receive annual flu vaccinations? ›Adults 65 years and older. Children younger than 2 years old.
What are the CDC guidelines for healthcare workers with the flu? ›Encourage Sick Workers to Stay Home
The CDC recommends that workers who have a fever and respiratory symptoms stay at home until 24 hours after their fever ends (100 degrees Fahrenheit [37.8 degrees Celsius] or lower), without the use of medication. Not everyone who has the flu will have a fever.
Answer: C. A 50-year-old woman caring for a spouse with cancer. Option C: Individuals who are household members or home care providers for high-risk individuals are high-priority targeted groups for immunization against influenza to prevent transmission to those who have a decreased capacity to deal with the disease.
What is a good reason to decline the flu vaccine? ›
Reasons for Refusing the Flu Vaccine
“I do not need the vaccination” (17.3%) “I might experience side effects or get sick from the vaccine” (12.2%) “I don't think the vaccination is effective in preventing flu” (11.8%).
Covered Individuals who choose to decline influenza vaccination must complete a Vaccine Declination Letter and submit it to the location vaccine authority on or before December 1, 2022.
Is it safe to get a flu shot after surgery? ›Recent or imminent surgery is not a contraindication to vaccination, and vice versa (see Pre-vaccination screening).
Is flu shot required for immigration? ›Since the seasonal flu vaccine is required, do I have to get the seasonal flu vaccine if it is not the flu season? A. For purposes of the immigration medical examination, the civil surgeon is required to administer the flu vaccine when it is available to them.
When does the flu season end? ›Most of the time flu activity peaks between December and February, although significant activity can last as late as May.
Is the flu vaccine mandatory for healthcare workers in Massachusetts? ›As a condition of licensure, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (DPH) regulations require all licensed healthcare facilities to: Offer free-of-charge, annual influenza vaccine to all personnel (full- and part-time employees, contracted employees, volunteers, house staff, and students)
Should healthcare professionals be required to get seasonal flu shots why or why not explain? ›The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (22, 23) recommends that all healthcare professionals be vaccinated against influenza for three main reasons: 1) to reduce the risk of patients catching influenza from healthcare professionals, 2) to protect healthcare professionals and their families against influenza, ...
What is the role of the nurse in the flu shot? ›Flu Shot Nurse Responsibilities:
Administering flu shots to patients. Drafting immunization programs for patients, schools, and clinics. Monitoring patients' reactions to vaccinations during the administration of shots. Implementing and adhering to infection-control policies and procedures.
The flu shot is effective for about three to six months. And because the flu makes millions of people sick each year and is pretty contagious, health organizations recommend that nearly everyone older than 6 months get a flu vaccine annually, preferably around the start of flu season.
How long after flu shot is one immune? ›It takes 10 to 14 days following vaccination, before an immune response and protection develops.
What age does the CDC recommend flu shot? ›
For the 2020-2021 flu season, CDC recommends a yearly flu vaccination for everyone 6 months and older. Flu shots can be given to your child 6 months and older. The nasal spray vaccine can be given to people 2 through 49 years of age.
What is the effectiveness and cost benefit of influenza vaccination of healthy working adults a randomized controlled trial? ›Vaccine efficacy was 86% (P =. 001), and vaccination reduced ILI, physician visits, and lost workdays by 34%, 42%, and 32%, respectively. However, vaccination resulted in a net societal cost of $11.17 per person compared with no vaccination.
What is the effectiveness immunogenicity and safety of influenza vaccines with MF59 adjuvant in healthy people of different age groups? ›MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccines demonstrated better immunogenicity against specific vaccine virus strains compared to non-adjuvanted influenza vaccine both in healthy adult group (RR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.28–3.44) and the healthy aged (RR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.10–1.44).
Why do healthcare workers decline influenza vaccine? ›Despite all the evidence, 9.57% (9/94) of the HCWs reported that they opt out of flu immunisation as they believe that they do not need the flu vaccine and 13.83% (13/94) of HCWs do not believe in the effectiveness of the flu vaccine and therefore refuse to take it.
What are the two main reasons for failure of immunizations? ›There are two main reasons for failure of immunizations: (1) failure of the vaccine delivery system to provide potent vaccines properly to persons in need; and (2) failure of the immune response, whether due to inadequacies of the vaccine or factors inherent in the host.
What should people with cystic fibrosis avoid? ›For adults and children with cystic fibrosis, it's best to avoid refined and processed foods such as red meat, fries, doughnuts, coffee, and alcohol. Consuming food items with empty calories like sugary drinks is not suggested.
What happens if someone with CF gets the flu? ›In people with cystic fibrosis, the flu can lead to a severe lung infection, like pneumonia Inflammation of the lungs often caused by a bacterial or viral infection. . If you have the flu, you may feel worse than you do with a typical lung infection or pulmonary.
What can you not do with cystic fibrosis? ›Germs can spread as far as 6 feet when someone coughs or sneezes, landing on surfaces or in another person's eyes, nose, or mouth. That's why it's important for people with CF to stay at least 6 feet away from others with CF and anyone with a cold, flu, or infection.
What are the restrictions with cystic fibrosis? ›Keeping 6 feet away from someone else who is sick helps to keep a cystic fibrosis patient from catching the bacteria. The 6-foot rule is widely known, and some hospitals have strict rules about keeping CF patients away from each other.
Is French fries good for cystic fibrosis? ›Diet options for children with cystic fibrosis
Extra salt is also important because children with CF lose more salt in their sweat than others do. Keep a saltshaker on the table, allow salty foods and snacks like pretzels, french fries, pickles, and deli meats.
What are 3 treatments for cystic fibrosis? ›
- antibiotics to prevent and treat chest infections.
- medicines to make the mucus in the lungs thinner and easier to cough up.
- medicines to widen the airways and reduce inflammation.
- special techniques and devices to help clear mucus from the lungs.
- medicines that help the person absorb food better.
“What we do know is that those with CF are more at risk to have severe COVID-19 because of their underlying lung disease.” The best prevention we have against severe disease from COVID-19 is vaccination, and we strongly encourage all those who are eligible to get vaccinated and boosted.
Can someone with cystic fibrosis kiss someone without it? ›Is cystic fibrosis contagious through kissing? No. Cystic fibrosis is not contagious, even via kissing, because it's a genetic disease. “It requires a mutation on the gene, one copy from the mother and one copy from the father,” says Wylam.
What is the most common infection in cystic fibrosis patients? ›People with CF are prone to bacterial lung infections (often caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Some bacteria found in the body are helpful.
Can two people with cystic fibrosis be together? ›People with cystic fibrosis should never meet each other, as they carry bacteria within their lungs that could be harmful to each other.
What is the oldest person with cystic fibrosis? ›Recently, more and more people have been diagnosed with CF after age 50. The oldest person in the United States diagnosed with CF for the first time was 82. Those who are not diagnosed with CF until later in life generally suffer from colds, sinus infections, pneumonia, stomach pains, and acid reflux.
Is cystic fibrosis considered a disability? ›The Social Security Administration recognizes cystic fibrosis as a serious impairment in its Blue Book under Section 3.04. Applicants with cystic fibrosis are eligible for automatic approval of disability benefits if they suffer from poor lung function and repetitive lung infections.
What gender is cystic fibrosis most common in? ›Males account for slightly more than 50 percent of all cases of cystic fibrosis (CF) but generally have better outcomes than females until about age 20. After that, men and women experience roughly equal outcomes for long-term survival. Still, males with CF tend to live an average of 2 years longer than females.
What are 3 interesting facts about cystic fibrosis? ›There are close to 40,000 children and adults living with cystic fibrosis in the United States (and an estimated 105,000 people have been diagnosed with CF across 94 countries). Approximately 1,000 new cases of CF are diagnosed each year. More than 75 percent of people with CF are diagnosed by age 2.
Are we close to a cure for cystic fibrosis? ›Currently, there's no cure for CF, but researchers are working toward one. Learn about the latest research and what might soon be available to people with CF.